A Comparative Study Among Different Mathematical Sequences in 3D Image Steganography

Abstract

This paper proposes a double–layer message security scheme. The message is first encrypted using AES-128 and is then embedded within a 3D image using least significant bit (LSB) substitution. The LSB substitution is carried out using multiple mathematical sequences and a comparison between the performance of each sequence is investigated. The proposed system is evaluated using a number of performance metrics including the mean square error (MSE), the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), the entropy, the mean structural similarity index measurement (MSSIM), the R measurement, the normalized cross correlation (NCC), the image fidelity (IF) and the image distance (ID). Furthermore, a comparison between the proposed schemes and other proposed works from the literature is performed to demonstrate its superiority.