Enhanced Distance Vector Hop Localization Algorithm based on Hop Threshold and Weighted Matrix for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Distance Vector Hop (DV-Hop) localization algorithm as the most popular range-free localization scheme that is widely applied in location-based applications for its simple and easy to implement. However, it has poor localization accuracy, especially in complex unevenly distributed network environment. An enhanced DV-Hop localization algorithm based on beacon node hop threshold and weighted matrix is proposed to address this issue, named as TWDV-Hop. First, we build considerable experiments to analyze the distributed law between hop count and average hop size error. Large hop count will be cut out to optimize average hop size based on analysis results, since it is the main reason that lead to large location error for its inaccuracy. Then, weighted matrix is introduced to instead of basic least squares in the third phase to narrow location error brought by non-linear equation. Finally, extensive experiments were conducted for several evaluation metrics, as localization accuracy, energy consumption cost under effected parameters in terms of node density, communication range, total number of nodes. Simulation results demonstrated that our proposed TWDV-Hop had outstanding performance in accuracy and energy consumption. The localization error is decreased more than 60%, when compared with latest new literatures. Especially, it reduced over than 75%, compared to traditional DV-Hop algorithm. Moreover, the average localization error is lower 3.5m, which can meet location-based application requirements at a certain level.