Abstract:
Fiber optic communication system offers high-speed, long-distance connectivity and integrates with effective data
transmission for modern world applications. The primary challenges in optical communication lead to the detrimental impact of
dispersion that introduces more signal distortion and lowers the quality of data transmission. This research provides a detailed analysis
of dispersion compensation techniques and their necessity for maintaining the integrity of optical communication. This review explores
the fundamental analysis of dispersion, such as chromatic, polarization mode, and modal dispersion, and the factors that influence the
presence of dispersion characteristics. Furthermore, the proposed review analyses the passive and active compensation techniques and
highlights their significance and limitations. Active dispersion compensation, such as dispersion compensating modules and Digital
signal processing methods, are investigated for dynamic optical networks. However, the passive dispersion compensation techniques,
such as fiber Bragg gratings and dispersion-compensating fibers, are examined in detail, listing their ability for dispersion mitigation
effects. Finally, this comprehensive review provides key insights into the developments and prospects in dispersion compensation
techniques and enhances the performance and reliability of the optical system design.
