Abstract:
This study focuses on the modeling of a dual-band circular fractal antenna designed for Wi-Fi applications, utilizing the Descartes
Circle Theorem. The antenna's geometry is characterized by self-similar fractal patterns, enabling enhanced performance in dual
frequency bands relevant to Wi-Fi communication. Multi-frequency and Broadband Configurations: Current research is trending
towards the development of antennas capable of operating across various Wi-Fi bands, and the emerging 6 GHz band. There is also a
focus on achieving ultra-wideband functionality to cater to the requirements of future wireless technologies. Incorporation with
Circuits and Systems: Ongoing efforts are directed at seamlessly integrating these antennas with RF circuits and communication
systems to enhance their practical utility and applicability. Innovative Fractal Geometries and Optimization Approaches: The
exploration of unconventional fractal shapes and the utilization of advanced optimization algorithms present promising avenues for
enhancing antenna performance and achieving miniaturization. This research contributes to the advancement of compact and
efficient antenna designs for wireless communication systems. Detailed considerations are given to the 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz bands
to ensure compatibility with standard Wi-Fi protocols. The designed circular fractal antenna is compared with the conventional
circular patch antenna and the results were analysed. At the resonating frequency of 2.4GHz and 5.4GHz, circular patch antenna has
a reflection Coeffecient(S11) of -7.2817dB and -10.5186dB respectively with the gain of 4.0465dB, whereas, the designed circular
fractal antenna shows a improved reflection S11 of-21.1737dB and -15.1494dB at the same resonating frequency with a gain of
11.7920dB. The radiation pattern shows that the antenna radiated in unidirectional pattern with the Front-to-back ratio of 101.4
which is higher than circular patch antenna. The miniaturized antenna is fabricated through photo etching process, tested and
validated.
