A Bandwidth Enhanced mmwave Radiator for X-band Applications

Abstract

This paper introduces a pioneering method to boost the bandwidth of a millimeter-wave (mmWave) radiator tailored for X-band applications. The designed radiator aims for a broader operating bandwidth compared to conventional solutions. The antenna is the central component of all devices used in the communication domain for signal propagation. The intended antenna radiator presented in this work is built with a depth of 1.6 mm over a FR4 substrate. The generic design equations are used to create the microstrip patch antenna initiator. The planned patch antenna's bandwidth is increased by cutting a slot shape within the patch. Furthermore, Defective Ground Structures (DGS) are used in the ground region of the patch antenna to boost bandwidth. A microstrip feed model is offered for excitation of the suggested antenna. High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) is used for electromagnetic simulation of the desired antenna. The suggested antenna is built on a FR4 substrate board and carefully measured with a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). A wide band spectrum with a maximum return loss value of -19.45 dB is generated and employed in many applications that exist in the X band, which runs from 8 GHz to 12 GHz. The measured return loss values are in the 5G spectrum and are closely matched with the HFSS software simulated values of the proposed antenna which authenticates the fabricated antenna for X band applications. The proposed radiator is designed to achieve a broader operating bandwidth compared to conventional counterparts. To increase bandwidth and return loss values even more, the defective ground constructions will be commenced in the ground plane of the intended antenna. The paper discusses the design process and simulation results, showcasing substantial improvement in bandwidth and specific gain characteristics. This research significantly advances the capabilities of mmWave radiators, particularly within the realm of X-band applications.