Volume 04

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Special Issue on Mobile Applications
(University of Bahrain, 2015) Eltoweissy, Mohamed; El-Medany, Wael M; Loucif, Samia
This special issue of the International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems (IJCDS) focuses on mobile applications and publishes selected papers from the 2014 International Workshop on Mobile Applications (MobiApps 2014), 27-29 August 2014, Barcelona, Spain, which was held in conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Mobile Web Information Systems (MobiWIS 2014), and the 2nd International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud 2014) [1-3]. The MobiApps workshop has attracted papers from authors from several countries across the world. Each paper was reviewed by the members of program committee. On average, each research paper has been assigned to three reviewers. Based on the reviews, eight papers were accepted for presentation at the workshop. The accepted papers cover a range of topics related to the theme of MobiApp. From these papers, five have been selected to be submitted as extended versions in the special issue on mobile applications in the journal, in addition to another two papers from outside the workshop, submitted through another call for paper to the special issue, and also selected from normal submission to the IJCDS journal.
Examining Self-Similarity Network Traffic Intervals
(University of Bahrain, 2015) Susanto, Hengky; Kim, ByungGuk
Understanding network traffic pattern and its impact on the Internet provides valuable insights in designing new network protocols, particularly in designing one for applications with a tendency to generate bursty traffic of data, such as Voice over IP (VoIP). To capture the behavior, network traffic can be illustrated on many scales using the notation of self-similarity because network traffic is statistically self-similar. In this paper, we propose a study on analyzing the length of a traffic interval by self-similarity based on the difference between arrival times of packets. We examine the dependency between fast and slow interval as well as a study on the data transition between both intervals.
Packet-based Adaptive Virtual Channel Configuration for NoC Systems
(University of Bahrain, 2015) Oveis-Gharan, Masoud; Khan, Gul N.
The escalating numbers of on-chip processing cores necessitate the introduction of a high performance and scalable communication backbone. In respond to this, Network on Chip (NoC) systems are introduced to play an important role in determining the performance and power of the entire chip. Specifically, Packet-based NoC is known as the most viable communication solution for the multi-core SoC of the future. In NoC design, the buffering organization directs the control of data flow as well as facilitates the use of Virtual Channels (VC). In terms of buffering, the VC mechanism is categorized into static and dynamic models. In dynamic VC mechanism, VCs employ a variable number of buffer slots according to the on-chip traffic. This feature of dynamic VC mechanism encourages us to introduce the Packet Based Virtual Channel (PBVC) approach. The idea is that a VC is reserved when a packet comes in a router, and released when the packet leaves the router. This prevents a VC to hold more than one packet that subsequently removes the Head-of-Line (HOL) blocking in NoCs. Our proposed technique is more suitable for dynamically allocated multi-queue (DAMQ) schemes. In these schemes, an input or output port comprises a centralized buffer whose slots are dynamically allocated to VCs in real-time and according to the traffic conditions. We introduce the architectural and structural details of our DAMQ buffer organization as well as the hardware that our approach imposes. The simulation results support the theoretical concepts of our proposed technique. The results of the hardware requirements for the proposed model are compared with the conventional models. The experimental results show that PBVC can improve the network latency by 40% and the network throughput by 23% on average as compared to the conventional designs for specific high HOL traffic.
OFDM for Cognitive Radios: An overview Present Solutions and Future Directions
(University of Bahrain, 2015) Begh,Gh. Rasool; Ajaz,Hussain Mir
Spectrum efficiency, high speed data transmission and security are the major requirements for new generation wireless communications. By integrating OFDM into physical layer of cognitive radio, we can achieve high speed data transmission with high spectrum utilization. In this article, we investigate the impediments for use of OFDM with cognitive radios. We discuss some of the solutions to overcome these problems and identify the need for further exploration taking into account the practical issues of synchronization errors between the transmitter and the receiver. We also discuss security issues related to cognitive radio networks and suggest some future research directions.
Design Techniques Study of PID Controllers
(University of Bahrain, 2015) Alqudah, Amin; Qasaimeh, Asseel
Control system is an essential element of the daily process in modern culture. Control system manages the different appliances (entertainment and environments) and controls the industrial progressions and transportation schemes. Therefore, it controls our land air, sea and space explorations. Digital controllers are used in most applications with microprocessors, computers, and digital electronics. So, each electrical, mechanical or chemical engineer ought to be familiar with the digital controller's basic theory. This paper will study different research techniques about well known controllers; Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers. So, it will summarize their structure and their recent developments. After that, new tuning algorithm will be explored using several techniques or change PID controller structure to match several systems’ requirements.
Smart Walker Using Android Application
(University of Bahrain, 2015) Haidar, Gaby Abou; Achkar, Roger; Maalouf, Richard
Elderly, blind or visually impaired people recur to a cane as a traditional ambulation aid. Although useful for maintaining balance, and for pivoting around obstacles, this tool limits the autonomy of individuals. In some extreme cases, using a cane leads to potential hazards, which can be detrimental to the health of the person relying on it. The aim of this project is to introduce a novel automated ambulation tool, entitled “Smart Walker”, which overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages. The Smart Walker is equipped with an Android application that wirelessly collects relevant data (blood pressure, heart rate, position of obstacles, etc.) through sensors, and analyzes them. The processing is done in real-time via a pre-programmed Arduino board; the results are relayed back to the application installed on the smart phone; accordingly, the user adjusts his plan of action. The encouraging results set path for extending this work to be implemented in more aid-systems; a fact that is apt to improve the overall health and well-being of old and impaired people.
2D Hexagonal Mesh Vs 3D Mesh Network on Chip: A Performance Evaluation
(University of Bahrain, 2015) Saini, Ravindra Kumar; Ahmed, Mushtaq
3D Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as a new platform to meet the performance requirements and scaling challenges of System on Chip. More investigations require addressing challenges in multiport topologies, minimizing foot printing of nodes and interconnections of wires. This paper discusses multi-port NoC topologies and routing in 2D hexagonal and 3D mesh NoC. Deadlock free routing for 2D hexagonal mesh topology is compared to ZXY routing in 3D mesh with similar number of nodes. Routing algorithms shows promising results, thus making the architecture and algorithm more suitable for the future NoC design.
Comparative Analysis of Freemium Policies and Procedure between Major Mobile Platforms
(University of Bahrain, 2015) Ong, Muhamad Idaham Umar; Kamarudin, Imran Edzereiq; Ameedeen, Ariff
Smartphone ownership is fast becoming a birth-right in the world of today. For developers, this opens up a whole new world of business opportunities where applications are being purchased every single day. Besides the multi billions of dollars spent each year on application purchases alone, consumers nowadays are facing an even newer trend; In-App Purchasing. In-App purchasing refers to a scenario where the initial applications are downloadable for free, however some additional functions or elements of the applications may be acquired within the applications for a small (or not so small) fee. This paper aims to review this trend and the guidelines that is applied to this phenomenon by the three main smartphone operating systems; iOS, Android and Windows. This would be done by highlighting the major strengths and weaknesses that each platform has to offer, as well as the common policies that are enforced across all three platforms.
Comparative Performanceof Subcarrier Schedulers in Uplink LTE-A under High Users' Mobility
(University of Bahrain, 2015) Othman,Ali; Othman,Siddeeq Y.; Al-Omary,Alauddin ,; Al-Rizzo,Hussain
This paper evaluates the effects of high mobility of Users Equipment (UEs) on the performances of different data rate services using four scheduling algorithms in the uplink of LTE system using the uplink Vienna simulator.The uplink reports Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI) and Rank Indicator (RI) to inform the evolved node base station (eNodeB or eNB) about the current channel state. We simulate 20 and 30 UEs switch at high mobility and different service demands. Simulation results show that under 100 kmh-1speed the Best CQI and Proportional Fair schedulers
Implementation of Efficient Parallel Prefix Adders for Residue Number System
(University of Bahrain, 2015) Kumar,CH. Pavan; Sivani,K.
In this paper we proposed a high speed and area efficient Kogge-stone, Ladner-fischer and Knowles adders by modifying the existing architectures by eliminating the redundant black cells. Currently the speed of the multipliers are restricted by the speed of adders for partial products addition. The major problem with the binary addition is the carry chain delay, to address this problem most of the modern adder architectures are implemented using parallel prefix adders. The delay of the parallel prefix adders are directly proportional to the number of levels in the carry propagation stage. Due to the logarithmic delay of the parallel prefix adders delay problems have effectively reduced. Kogge-stone is one of the fastest adders. We has eliminated the redundant black cells and performed re-routing thus minimizing the logic delay compared to the previous adders. Coded modified architecture in Verilog HDL, Simulated and synthesized using Xilinx ISE. Compared the modified architectures of Kogge-stone, Ladner-fischer & Knowles adders are found to be an improvement in the delay with the previous adders.
Survey of Header Compression Techniques over Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
(University of Bahrain, 2015) Chishti, Mohammad Ahsan; Mir, Ajaz Hussain
Due to the rapid evolution of Internet as well as services over the Internet, including high bandwidth consuming applications like audio and video streaming, it has become need of the day to enhance the Internet infrastructure for bandwidth efficiency. Developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force, MPLS allows networks to offer several services on the single network architecture with improved forwarding speed of routers by solving problem of longest prefix match in IP networks. In addition to this, it offers Traffic Engineering, Virtual Private Networks and Quality of Service guarantees. MPLS in combination with Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) has been seen as a technology for next generation Internet, which can revolutionize the Internet with speed, services and functionality. IPv6 provides huge number of addresses and guaranteed support for the ever increasing demand. However, there is a disadvantage of bigger packet header size compared to the payload size which leads to excessive overhead in case of real-time multimedia applications. Bandwidth can be conserved by reducing the amount of redundant IP header transmitted with every packet for the same packet stream through header compression/suppression techniques. The objective of this paper is to survey of various header compression technologies which can be implemented over MPLS with IPv6 as the addressing protocol, which can be used as a bandwidth conserving technology. The current efforts in the area, both standardised as well as ongoing research has been discussed in detail and also the problems that are yet to be addressed are examined.
Smart Tablet Monitoring by a Real-Time Head Movement and Eye Gestures Recognition System
(University of Bahrain, 2015) Elleuch, Hanene; Wali, Ali; Alimi, Adel M
Different research works are studying to integrate new ways of interaction with mobiles devices such as smartphone and tablets to provide a natural and easy mode of communication to people. In this paper we proposed a new system to monitoring tablets through head motions and eye-gaze gestures recognition. This system is able to open browser application with simples motions by the head and the eyes. For the face detection we used a viola and jones technique, and for the eyes detection and tracking we used Haar classifier to the detection part and the template matching for tracking. We develop this system on android based tablet. Through the front-facing camera the system capture a real-time streaming video on which we implemented the detection and recognition module. We tested the system on 10 persons and the experiment results shows that this system is robust and it is invariant for the lightness and the moving state of the user. We introduce also in this system, a module to estimate point of regard on the tablet’s screen based only on the front-facing camera. As known the tablets resources are limited, in consequence the response time of our system is not satisfied for the real time condition. That is why we apply the cloud computing to solve this problem.
Design And Implementation of RiCoBiT: A Structured and Scalable Architecture For Network On Chip Based Systems
(University of Bahrain, 2015) V, Sanju; Chiplunkar, Niranjan; Mandia, Suresh; Jain, Nancy; Jaiswal, Nikita; Khalid, M
We are already in an era of a billion transistors on a silicon die. This was possible due to research advancement of silicon physics and process technology which enabled implementation of large, high performance, complex functionality. The backbone of any high performance computing system is the underlying interconnection network. Today’s, high performance systems are designed using network on chip. The design was realised by placing the different processing modules using various topologies like 2D mesh, torus. These existing interconnects limit itself in terms of performance and scalability. This paper discusses a new structured and scalable topology - RiCoBiT : Ring Connected Binary Tree in brief as an alternative along with its design and HDL implementation.
High Speed Transform Coding on Chip for Wireless Video Surveillance Systems
(University of Bahrain, 2015) Ismail, Yasser
Streaming video quality dependents in part upon the video encoding process. The Frequency Domain Motion Estimation process is commonly used to accelerate the entire video encoding process. It is used to reduce the encoding time by increasing the Motion Estimation Time Saving. The Combinational Discrete Cosine Transform consumes most of the time of the Frequency Domain Motion Estimation video encoder. Its function is to generate four transform coefficients to be used by the Frequency Domain Motion Estimation process. Generating such transforms slows down the encoding speed. Consequently, Frequency Domain Motion Estimation may not be suitable for online video applications. Saving time in the Combinational-Discrete Cosine Transform generator will considerably speed up the Frequency Domain Motion Estimation process. This paper proposes a fast Combinational-Discrete Cosine Transform architecture. The proposed architecture achieves up to 50% and 39% savings in both area and power consumption, respectively, compared to recent state-of-the-art Combinational-Discrete Cosine Transform architectures. The proposed architecture can perform up to 60 fps motion estimation over a 4CIF video at 123.21 MHz when integrated in the frequency domain encoder. It can be generalized to be used even for higher video resolution transmission such as HDTV broadcasting and video surveillance systems.
Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy System Accuracy Improvement with A Two Stage Tuning
(University of Bahrain, 2015) Elragal,Hassan M.
In this paper a method for improving accuracy of a Takagi-Sugeno type fuzzy system used in Matlab Fuzzy Logic Toolbox as genfis3 (Sugeno) is proposed. For this fuzzy system, the input space is partitioned using Fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm and the consequent parameters are optimized using least square. This improvement is done in a two stage tuning using particle swarm optimization (PSO).In the first stage, PSO is used to optimize input membership functions (mean and variance) and consequent parameters of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system. In the second stage, PSO is used to optimize a weighting factor for the rules and a scaling universe of discourse for inputs and outputs variables. To simplify the tuning process and performing it in one optimization stage, a one stage tuning is also discussed to tune same parameters optimized in the two stage tuning. Experimental results with real data applied in data classification problem shows a consistency of getting higher classification accuracy with the proposed tuning methods over the original system.
Networks-on-Chip Architecture Customization using Network Partitioning: A System-Level Performance Evaluation
(University of Bahrain, 2015) Morgan, Ahmed A.; Elmiligi, Haytham; El-Kharashi, M. Watheq; Gebali, Fayez
Networks-on-Chip (NoC) design is a trade-off between cost and performance. To realize the best trade-off between these factors, researchers have recently proposed using network partitioning techniques to customize the NoC architecture according to the application requirements. In this paper, the impact of using partitioning on different NoC metrics; namely, power, area, and delay, is analyzed. We present a system-level methodology to evaluate the performance of using partitioning-based architecture customization techniques with NoC. Our methodology is applied onto synthetic traffic as well as a number of real NoC benchmarks with different number of cores. Finally, we mathematically formulate evaluation factors that could be used as measures of the enhancements achieved by using partitioning.
A Fast Keypoint Based Hybrid Method for Copy Move Forgery Detection
(University of Bahrain, 2015) Kumar, Sunil; Desai, J.V; Mukherjee, Shaktidev
Copy move forgery detection in digital images has become a very popular research topic in the area of image forensics. Due to the availability of sophisticated image editing tools and ever increasing hardware capabilities, it has become an easy task to manipulate the digital images. Passive forgery detection techniques are more relevant as they can be applied without the prior information about the image in question. Block based techniques are used to detect copy move forgery, but have limitations of large time complexity and sensitivity against affine operations like rotation and scaling. Keypoint based approaches are used to detect forgery in large images where the possibility of significant post processing operations like rotation and scaling is more. A hybrid approach is proposed using different methods for keypoint detection and description. Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) are used to detect the keypoints in the image and Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK) features are used to describe features at these keypoints. The proposed method has performed better than the existing forgery detection method using SURF significantly in terms of detection speed and is invariant to post processing operations like rotation and scaling. The proposed method is also invariant to other commonly applied post processing operations like adding Gaussian noise and JPEG compression.
Introduction to Special Issue: Design and Performance of Networks on Chip
(University of Bahrain, 2015) Ismail, Yehea I.; El-Medany, Wael M.; Loucif, Samia
Advance in VLSI technology has led to the emergence of on-Chip Systems (SoC), where a complete system with a large number of intellectual property cores can be integrated onto a single silicon chip. The performance of SoCs highly depends on the speed and efficiency of their underlying communications subsystems. On-Chip Network (NoC), have been suggested to overcome the scalability problem found in traditional shared-bus communication architectures. Intensive research studies are conducted in an attempt to find the optimal networks in terms of performance and cost such as power consumption, and silicon area. This special issue of International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems (IJCDS) published selected papers from the 2014 International Workshop on the Design and Performance of Networks on Chip (DPNoC 2014), August 17-20, 2014, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. The international workshop DPNoC'2014 (http://www.intnoc.org/) was organized
Implementation of SlowDroid: Slow DoS Attack Performed by a Smartphone
(University of Bahrain, 2015) Cambiaso, Enrico; Papaleo, Gianluca; Aiello, Maurizio
In terms of capabilities, today's smartphones are comparable to desktop computers. Last generation cellphones are indeed able to execute almost all the operation a common computer is able to accomplish. In this paper we focus on the use of mobile devices for perpetrating cyber attacks. With the purpose of proving the ability of executing attacks from a mobile environment, we introduce a mobile threat, SlowDroid, running on Android devices. SlowDroid implements a Denial of Service attack. Since it makes use of tiny amounts of resources, it is particularly accustomed to a mobile environ
Towards an Efficient Radio Network Planning of LTE and Beyond in Densely Populated Urban Areas
(University of Bahrain, 2015) Hamid, Nafiz Imtiaz Bin; Lawane, Yahia; Harouna, Mugumya Twarik; Salele, anb Nafiu
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a fourth generation technology which is expected to be the mobile broadband platform for services in innovation for the foreseeable future. Going on with LTE radio network planning is a well-chosen challenge and a certain hot topic in the current research arena. Again, efficient radio network planning for a densely populated city adds to certain level of complexity in the overall work in terms of proper resource management and capacity requirement fulfillment. In this paper, a detailed LTE radio network planning procedure has been elaborately presented which concentrates on nominal and detailed planning considering possible network implementation in the most populated Indian city Mumbai.