Abstract:
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) stand as a vital component in contemporary wireless technology. The endurance of
nodes within WSNs significantly influences system efficiency. This study delves into five energy management and node longevity
strategies: LEACH, LEACH-C, TS-I-LEACH, LEACH-Enh-DVHOP, and an original method proposed herein. Graphical analysis
underscores the marked enhancement of the proposed method in sustaining active nodes over rounds, notably in initial phases
compared to other methods. A pivotal innovation lies in employing angular area-based routing, augmenting resource allocation and
energy efficiency. Moreover, the study introduces a node's probability to serve as a Cluster Head, leveraging the refined threshold
formula “TA(i),” contingent on its distance from the base station and the midpoint of the represented zone, denoted by “δ��
.” This
approach offers a novel means to bolster node longevity in WSNs while optimizing energy usage. The study's outcomes are poised to
significantly advance WSN technology in the future, redefining energy management paradigms and enriching node sustainability in
wireless networks.
