LEACH Protocol with Angular Area Routing: Boosting Energy Efficiency and QoS in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) stand as a vital component in contemporary wireless technology. The endurance of nodes within WSNs significantly influences system efficiency. This study delves into five energy management and node longevity strategies: LEACH, LEACH-C, TS-I-LEACH, LEACH-Enh-DVHOP, and an original method proposed herein. Graphical analysis underscores the marked enhancement of the proposed method in sustaining active nodes over rounds, notably in initial phases compared to other methods. A pivotal innovation lies in employing angular area-based routing, augmenting resource allocation and energy efficiency. Moreover, the study introduces a node's probability to serve as a Cluster Head, leveraging the refined threshold formula “TA(i),” contingent on its distance from the base station and the midpoint of the represented zone, denoted by “δ�� .” This approach offers a novel means to bolster node longevity in WSNs while optimizing energy usage. The study's outcomes are poised to significantly advance WSN technology in the future, redefining energy management paradigms and enriching node sustainability in wireless networks.